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991.
The interaction between landscape structure and spatial patterns of plant invasion has been little addressed by ecologists
despite the new insights it can provide. Because of their spatial configuration as highly connected networks, linear wetlands
such as roadside or agricultural ditches, can serve as corridors facilitating invasion at the landscape scale, but species
dynamics in these important habitats are not well known. We conducted a landscape scale analysis of Phragmites australis invasion patterns (1985–2002 and 1987–2002) in two periurban areas of southern Québec (Canada) focusing on the interaction
between the network of linear wetlands and the adjacent land-uses. Results show that, at the beginning of the reference period,
the two landscapes were relatively non-invaded and populations occurred mostly in roadside habitats which then served as invasion
foci into other parts of the landscape. The intrinsic rates of increase of P. australis populations in linear anthropogenic habitats were generally higher than those reported for natural wetlands. Riparian habitats
along streams and rivers were little invaded compared to anthropogenic linear wetlands, except when they intersected transportation
rights-of-way. Bivariate spatial point pattern analysis of colonization events using both Euclidian and network distances
generally showed spatial dependence (association) to source populations. An autologistic regression model that included landscape
and edaphic variables selected transportation rights-of-way as the best predictor of P. australis occurrence patterns in one of the landscapes. Given the high invasion rates observed, managers of linear wetlands should
carefully monitor expansion patterns especially when roads intersect landscapes of conservation or economic value. 相似文献
992.
无刺蜂的生物学特性及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
授粉昆虫的工作效率与其生物学特性及周围环境有关,由于无刺蜂具有对人无害、采集作物范围广、耐高温等优点,成为具有很大潜力的温室授粉昆虫。介绍无刺蜂的生物学特性,以利更好地为温室作物授粉。 相似文献
993.
994.
Olive processing wastes for weed control 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The herbicidal effect of olive processing wastes (OPW) on some weed species in wheat, maize and sunflower was investigated in the Aegean region of Turkey. In trials with maize and sunflower, OPW was applied as an air‐dried solid form at 3 and 4.5 kg m?2. It provided an effectiveness level on Portulaca oleracea of 63–98%. In trials with wheat, OPW was applied as solid and liquid forms, each at two different doses, namely 4.5 and 6 kg m?2 (solid), and 5 and 10 L m?2 (liquid). Solid OPW provided a reduction in total weed coverage of 75% and 81% at doses of 4.5 and 6 kg m?2, respectively. The weed coverage reduction by liquid OPW was 39% and 62% with 5 and 10 L m?2, respectively. Apart from 12–26% reduction of the number of germinating seeds, OPW showed no toxic effects on maize and sunflower. Wheat was affected in the initial stages but no adverse effect was detected at harvest. It can be concluded that the herbicidal effect of OPW may be considered as an alternative to chemical weed control in some important summer crops (maize and sunflower) and for most of the weeds in winter wheat. 相似文献
995.
Feeding trials were conducted with stall-fed sheep parasitized with Haemonchus contortus. For 10 days they were offered 250 g of a concentrate feed that had been top-dressed with desiccated chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans at 1×105, 5×105, 1×106 or 2×106 chlamydospores/kg body weight. Pooled faeces from each group on day 7 of spore feeding were spread on different pasture plots. On day 28 after the start of spore feeding, further pooled faeces from each group were spread on the same plots. The larval burdens on the plots were monitored for 2 months and the larval harvest from in vitro faecal cultures were monitored regularly. The application of 1×106 or more spores/kg body weight virtually eliminated larvae from both the pasture and the faecal cultures. The application of as few as 1×105 spores/kg body weight had a profound impact on larval recovery. The effect persisted while the spores were being fed but not for more than 4 days following discontinuation of spore feeding. Top dressing supplementary feed with dried chlamydospores offers a potential way of using D. flagrans for biological control of the pre-parasitic stages of H. contortus. 相似文献
996.
Quantitative PCR and visual monitoring of Mycosphaerella graminicola epidemics were performed to investigate the effect of curative and preventative applications of azoxystrobin in wheat field crops. A non-systemic protectant and a systemic curative fungicide, chlorothalonil and epoxiconazole, respectively, were used as references. PCR diagnosis detected leaf infection by M graminicola 3 weeks before symptom appearance, thereby allowing a clear distinction between curative and preventative treatments. When applied 1 week after the beginning of infection, azoxystrobin curative activity was intermediate between chlorothalonil (low effect) and epoxiconazole. When applied preventatively, none of the fungicides completely prevented leaf infection. There was some indication that azoxystrobin preventative treatments may delay fungal DNA increase more than epoxiconazole at the beginning of leaf infection. Both curative and preventative treatments increased the time lapse between the earliest PCR detection and the measurement of a 10% necrotic leaf area. Azoxystrobin only slightly decreased the speed of necrotic area increase compared with epoxiconazole. Hence, azoxystrobin activity toward M graminicola mainly resides in lengthening the time lapse between the earliest PCR detection and the measurement of a 10% necrotic leaf area. Information generated in this way is useful for optimal positioning of azoxystrobin treatments on M graminicola. 相似文献
997.
茶薪菇品种比较实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对7个茶薪菇品种进行品种比较实验从中选择出适宜于棉籽壳为主的培养料的优质菌株5个,瓶栽实验生物学效率显著地高于对照品种的生物学效率(53.45%),达到1%的显著水准。 相似文献
998.
谷氨酰胺的生物学功能及其在断奶仔猪中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文中概述了谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能及对动物机体免疫功能的影响。谷胺酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺及小肠胰蛋白酶活性,肠道结构和功能,血浆内毒素水平,饲喂生大豆后肠道通透性的影响及对早期断奶仔猪腹泻的影响,以及对骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响。 相似文献
999.
北京油鸡胚胎成纤维细胞系建立与生物学特性研究 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
采取组织块直接培养法,对北京油鸡胚胎组织进行原代和继代培养,成功地建立了成纤维细胞系。并对培养细胞进行了形态学、细胞生长动力学观察,以及核型和乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶的同工酶分析。结果表明,该细胞系的群体倍增时间(PDT)为24h;细胞染色体中二倍体占主体,为76%~88%;乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳图谱与本室其它细胞系有明显差别;细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体检测呈阴性。该细胞系的建立,使北京油鸡这一国家重要种质资源在细胞水平上保存下来,也为基因组文库和体细胞克隆等研究提供了理想的生物材料。 相似文献
1000.